Czechia
Seznam.cz launched in 1996 as the Czech Republic's first web portal, predating Google, and grew into a full ecosystem of services around its search engine: maps, email, news, a browser, and more. What makes it relevant to this page is that it never became a Bing or Google re-skin. It operates its own web crawler and builds its own full-text index of the Czech web.
For years Seznam was the standout example of a national search engine genuinely competing with Google on its home turf, holding a large share of Czech search traffic. That independence is the point: results are generated in-house, the company is Czech-owned and Czech-hosted, and there is no American search giant in the pipeline.
